The Constitution in Action




Student Resources

Articles
Read the following two articles and be prepared to discuss them in class.
Civil Rights. Monkeyshines on America, 1999, p14, 1p; Reading Level (Lexile): 1160; (AN 3652709)
The sad story of how `separate but equal' was born. By: Medley, Keith Weldon. Smithsonian, Feb94, Vol. 24 Issue 11, p104, 14p, 5c, 5bw; Reading Level (Lexile): 1160; (AN 9401317541)
Use at least two of these articles in writing your paper.
Brown v Board turns 40. By: Fleming, Mali Michelle. Hispanic, May94, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p8, 1/6p; Reading Level (Lexile): 1200; (AN 9405311358)
A Ruling for Equality. By: Iasevoli, Brenda. Time for Kids, 4/30/2004 World Edition, Vol. 9 Issue 25, p6-6, 1p, 3bw; Reading Level (Lexile): 960; (AN 13142838)
SCHOOL COLORS. (cover story) Weekly Reader News - Senior, 3/12/2004, Vol. 82 Issue 21, p4-5, 2p, 3bw; (AN 12422540)
Fight for EQUALITY. (cover story) By: Sharif, Dara N.. Scholastic News -- Senior Edition, 2/16/2004, Vol. 72 Issue 16, p4-5, 2p, 1 graph, 1c, 1bw; Reading Level (Lexile): 720; (AN 12217127)
Brown v.Board of Education :Then and Now. By: Bowman, Karlyn. American Enterprise, Jul/Aug2004, Vol. 15 Issue 5, p61-62, 2p, 9 graphs; (AN 13540871)
Public School Desegregation Cases Go to Supreme Court. By: Spencer, DeShuna. Crisis (15591573), Nov/Dec2006, Vol. 113 Issue 6, p52-53, 2p; Reading Level (Lexile): 1180; (AN 23675421)

Use other INFOhio Resources for your research.
INFOhio.org
World Book Student:
Search for segregation AND education
You will get a articles related to segregation . Some will have primary documents or links to primary documents. Open the article on Brown vs the Board of Ed. and you will open a link to the National Historic Site and magazine articles on school segregation.

Books
The YSHS/McKinney School Library Media Center has several books you can use for this project. These are recommended.
Reference:
1. The Quest for Equality; from Civil War to Civil Rights / by Charles H. Wesley. Publishers Co, [1968]
CALL NUMBER: REF 301.451 WES
2. We Were There, Too! : young people in U.S. history / Phillip Hoose. Farrar Straus Giroux, 2001.
CALL NUMBER: REF 973 HOO
3. The Negro in American History / [Mortimer J. Adler, general editor; Charles Van Doren, editor; George Ducas, executive editor]. Encyclopaedia Britannica Educational Corp, [1969]
CALL NUMBER: REF 973 NEG v.1
4. The Timetables of African-Amerian History : a Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in African-American History / Sharon Harley. Simon & Schuster, c1995.
CALL NUMBER: REF 973 HAR
5. The American Dream : the 50s / by the editors of Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia ; with a foreword by Hugh Downs. Time-Life Books, c1997,
CALL NUMBER: REF 973.91 TIM
Nonfiction Books:
1. The Black Man in America, 1932-1954. Franklin Watts, Inc, 1975.
CALL NUMBER: 301.45 JAC
2. The Segregation Era, 1863-1954; a modern reader / Edited by Allen Weinstein and Frank Otto Gatell. Oxford University Press, 1970.
CALL NUMBER: 301.451 WEI
3. The Controversial Court : Supreme Court influences on American life / by Stephen Goode. Messner, 1982.
CALL NUMBER: 342.73 GOO
4. Equal! : The Case of Integration vs. Jim Crow / by Leonard A. Stevens ; consultants, John Lowenthal, Louis H. Pollak. Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, c1976.
CALL NUMBER: 342.8 STE
5. Brown v. Board of Education / by James Tackach. Lucent, c1998.
CALL NUMBER: 344.73 TAC
6. Decision : How the Supreme Court Decides Cases / Bernard Schwartz. Oxford University Press, 1996.
CALL NUMBER: 347.73 SCH
7. The Supreme Court and its work / [edited by Elder Witt]. Congressional Quarterly, Inc., c1981.
CALL NUMBER: 347.73 SUP
8. The Supreme Court in American History; Ten Great Decisions; the People, the Times and the Issues / [by] Marjorie G. Fribourg. Macrae Smith Co., [1965]
CALL NUMBER: 347.9 FRI
9. Equal Justice Under Law : the Supreme Court in American Life / by Mary Ann Harrell and Burnett Anderson. Supreme Court Historical Society, c1982.
CALL NUMBER: 347.9 HAR
10. Fight on! : Mary Church Terrell's Battle for Integration / Dennis Brindell Fradin & Judith Bloom Fradin. Clarion Books, c2003.
CALL NUMBER: B TER
11. Through my eyes / Ruby Bridges ; articles and interviews compiled and edited by Margo Lundell. Scholastic Press, 1999.
CALL NUMBER: B BRI

Websites
There are many good websites you can use for this project. These are recommended:
Constitution of the United States
Full-text and searchable database of the U.S. Constitution. (PRIMARY DOCUMENT)
http://ratify.constitutioncenter.org/constitution/index_no_flash.php
Brown v. Board of Education: A Chronological Listing of Related Materials
This collection of PRIMARY DOCUMENTS from the Library of Congress (LOC) begins with the Dred Scott case in 1857 and chronicles the events that led to the historic Supreme Court decision in the case of Brown v. Board of Education, which outlawed segregation in public schools. Events and people in the chronology link to online materials held by the Library of Congress.
http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/afam/afam-brown.html
Little Rock Nine
This site is devoted to the history of a landmark event in the history of school integration in the American South. It includes Primary Documents like articles from the school newspaper at the times.
http://www.centralhigh57.org/
Timeline of Events Leading to the Brown v. Board of Education Decision
This site is sponsored by the National Archives. It is a timeline of the events leading up to the Brown case.
http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/brown-v-board/timeline.html
Brown vs. Board of Education - Background Summary
A good background summary of Brown vs. The Board of Education of Topeka. Be sure to click on the Exhibit tab and follow the links to other good information an pictures. Sponsored by The Brown Foundation for Educational Equity, Excellence and Research.
http://brownvboard.org/content/background-overview-summary
Brown vs Board of Education
A brief history of Brown vs. The Board of Education.
http://www.core-online.org/History/brown_vs_board.htm
Separate Is Not Equal:Brown v. Board of Education
The Smithsonian website on the case. In the resources you will find 2 digital video field trips.
http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/
Brown v. Board: Schools, Race in 2004
NPR's Ina Jaffe explores an integrated school in Los Angeles. This is an audio file will need an audio player.
http://www.npr.org/features/feature.php?wfId=1800345
Fifty Years After 'Brown v. Board of Education'
NPR's Claudio Sanchez and NPR's Ina Jaffe report from California about how patterns of housing and immigration have created in many areas schools that are extremely segregated. These are audio files; you will need an audio player.
http://www.npr.org/features/feature.php?wfId=1751945
Jefferson - Enlightenment: Brown v. Board of Education - Racial
Brown v. Board of Education Issue: Racial Segregation in Public Schools. Good explanation of the case.
http://www.pbs.org/jefferson/enlight/brown.htm
Lewis Mumford Center for Comparative Urban and Regional Research.
This public service site uses Census 2000 data to report on changes and trends. Sortable dissimilarity indices calculate segregation scores for children and ethnic/racial groups.
http://mumford.albany.edu/census/
Landmark Supreme Court Cases
"This site was developed to provide teachers with a full range of resources and activities to support the teaching of landmark Supreme Court cases." The site features a browsable list of 15 cases with case summaries, diagrams of how each case moved through the courts, opinion excerpts, classroom activities, and information about the impact of each case. Also includes related links. A joint project of Street Law and the Supreme Court Historical Society.
http://www.landmarkcases.org/
The following three sites are from The African-American Experience in Ohio 1850-1920 (part of the American Memory Collection through the Ohio Historical Society). They are examples of PRIMARY DOCUMENTS.
Cleveland Gazette
Yellow Springs Fight
Volume: 05
Issue Number: 11
Page Number: 02
Date: 10/29/1887
http://dbs.ohiohistory.org/africanam/page1.cfm?ItemID=15596
Cleveland Gazette
Yellow Springs School Board
Volume: 05
Issue Number: 09
Page Number: 02
Date: 10/15/1887
http://dbs.ohiohistory.org/africanam/page1.cfm?ItemID=15575
Cleveland Gazette
Yellow Springs Fight
D. T. Johnson
Volume: 05
Issue Number: 15
Page Number: 01
Date: 11/26/1887
http://dbs.ohiohistory.org/africanam/page1.cfm?ItemID=15619

Videos
The following videos are available through the Greene County Public Library.
Title: Little Rock Central [videorecording (DVD)] : 50 years later / HBO Documentary Films ; DCTV (Downtown Community Television Center) ; directed, produced, and filmed by Brent Renaud, Craig Renaud
LOCATION CALL AVAILABLE - Xenia Nonfiction DVD - DVD 379.2 Li
Beavercreek Nonfiction DVD - DVD 379.2 Li
Note: In 1957, Little Rock Central became a symbol of the struggles and hopes of the Civil Rights Movement. African-American students were not allowed into the building. An eye-opening look at racial equality, education, and class at the high school today.
Title: The Ernest Green Story [videorecording] / The Walt Disney Company. [United States] : Walt Disney Home Video ; [Burbank, Calif. : distributed by Buena Vista Home Video, 199-?].
LOCATION CALL XeniaVHS [VideoVHS] FICTION Ernest G
Descript 1 videocassette (VHS) (101 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.
Summary: The true story of Ernest Green and eight other young black students who enrolled in an all-white school in 1957 and triumphed over the adversity and intolerance they encountered.
Title: Ruby Bridges [DVD/videorecording] / written by Toni Ann Johnson ; directed by Euzhan Palcy. Burbank, Calif. : Walt Disney Home Video ; Distributed by Buena Vista Home Entertainment, 1998.
LOCATION CALL Cedarville J DVD JDVD FICTION Ruby Bri
Xenia J DVD JDVD FICTION Ruby Bri
Fairborn J DVD JDVD J FICTION, Ruby Bri
Descript 1 DVD or videocassette (90 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.
Summary: Based on the true story of six-year-old Ruby, one of the first Black students to integrate public elementary school in New Orleans.
Title: With all deliberate speed [videorecording (DVD)] / Discovery Docs, CameraPlanet Pictures present ; a film by Peter Gilbert.
[Silver Spring, Md.] : Discovery Communications ; Troy, Mich. : Anchor Bay, c2004.
Yellow Springs Nonfiction DVD DVD 379.26 Wi
Descript 1 videodisc (111 min.) : sd., col. with b&w sequences ; 4 3/4 in.
Note: On May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the case of Brown vs. Board of Education that the concept of "separate but equal" school segregation was unconstitutional. Director Peter Gilbert explores the history and legacy of the legal decision.